The NAACP, represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center and Earthjustice, sued xAI and its subsidiary MZX Tech, alleging it ran dozens of methane gas turbines in Southaven, Mississippi, without a Clean Air Act permit to power its Colossus 2 AI data centre. The groups say the plant may be the largest industrial source of smog-forming nitrogen oxides in the Memphis area and that nearby, largely Black neighbourhoods bear the pollution. The US Justice Department later moved to have the case dismissed, citing national security.